Guayaquil
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GUAYAQUIL
Province : Guayas
Origin/meaning
The so-called Star of October was adopted by the Government of Guayaquil on 9 October 1820 to represent the Free Province of Guayaquil which then comprised the territories of present Guayas, Manabí, Los Rios, El Oro and Santa Elena.
José Joaquin de Olmedo, president of the Supreme Council of the Government of November 1820 ordered that on the official papers of the council there would be a star of five points and a crown of laurel, a red bow and the motto POR GUAYAQUIL INDEPENDIENTE (For an Independent Guayaquil).
This emblem was used from 1821 until June 1822 when the Star of October became known as ‘The Star of the West’ because the province of Guayaquil was the most western province. After the annexation of Guayaquil by Colombia on 26 July 1822 the star was no longer used.
It was readopted on 6 November 1916.
The city received arms in the early 17th century by the Spanish herald Diego de Urbina de Pastrana, see image below.
The arms are supposed to be derived from the arms of the city of Orduña augmented with a bordure of the arms of the Urbina-family. The arms of Urbina were Argent, a tree Vert its trunk charged with two sheep Argent catched by wolves Sable, within a bordure Gules charged with a chain of eight shackles.
As the original grant had disappeared already in 1775 and it took quite a lot of research to find these colonial arms, it can be assumed that the arms were hardly used.
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© since 1995, Heraldry of the World, Ralf Hartemink 
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Literature : image from Facebook; colonial arms : Hoyos, Melvin and Efrén Avilés Pino: Libro Historia de Guayaquil; Text about the star: http://rode-leeuw.nl